Executive Summary

This documentation is all about the proposed network system of the NEXT management institute. The NEXT management institute is a college and they have different type of programs for the students. They had head office situated In Colombo and 9 branches situated in different parts of the country. They have given the necessary information about the head office and branches.

First we want to identify the roles and responsibilities of each and every department. Then realized the requirements such as, files are to be stored in a central location, centralized control of network, one printer for all lecture rooms and 3 printers for three IT Labs, each Lab is to be in a different network and need different IP classes and need inter branches communication. And every computer need to internet accessibility.

We want to identify the servers, switches, routers, cables, LAN connection WAN connection and operating systems that need to create networks among those branches.

Network structure was designed according to the topology concept and system types. Used routed protocols, suggested suitable hardware and software components needed in order to design this network.

I explain in Task 08, 09, and 10 all about the implementation of the proposed system.

According my design I explain test cases and their results under the task 9 and 10. I implementation report and test result, critically evaluated the proposed network.

In task 11 recommended future enhancements such as, new hardware, software, security features in task 13 designed a maintain schedule to support the network system which includes backups, upgrades, security and auditing.

Introduction

The NEXT school is a newly established Management institute located in Colombo. The NEXT school has 9 branches situated in different parts of the country. They have been asked to design the network for the organization according to the roles and requirements of the each and every branch. A computer network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other equipment that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other

The NEXT school provided necessary requirements documentation which is contain with Head office and Branches. All labs have to have minimum 3 IT Labs and 5 lecture rooms. This all thing should want to add to the network. This network design is very big design and we want to use VPN to connect all the branches together.

As a network administrator should be able to design a proper, effective network for this head office and nine branches. And also should be able to implement and support network systems.

TASK 01

LAN networking

The LAN network devices connected through a relatively short distance. A building networked office, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LANs and occasionally a LAN will last a group of nearby buildings. In the TCP / IP networking, a LAN is often but not always implemented as a single IP subnet.

In addition to operating in a limited space, LANs are also typically owned, controlled and managed by one person or organization. They also tend to use certain connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernet and Token Ring.

WAN networking

As the term implies, a WAN spans a large physical distance. The Internet is the largest WAN; A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs. A network device called a router connects LANs to a WAN. In IP networking, the router maintains both an address of LAN and a WAN address. A WAN differs from a LAN in several important respects. Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by a single organization, but rather exist under collective or distributed ownership and management. WANs tend to use technology like ATM, Frame Relay and X.25 for connectivity over longer distances

Different types of topology

The way in which connections are made is called the topology of the network. Now that I'm arguing about the network topology, the network topology refers specifically to the physical layout of the network, especially the location of computers and how the cable is placed between them. There are main four types of topologies available under this title.

BUS topology

All devices on a bus topology are connected by a single cable. When a computer sends a signal to the wire, all computers in the network receive the information, but only one accepts the information. The rest regrets the message. A computer can send a message at a time. A team must wait until the bus is free before it can transmit. When the signal reaches the end of the cable, bounces and travels down to the wire. When an echo signal and forth along a bus is unfinished, is called ringing. To stop the ringing, place the terminators at both ends of the segment. Terminators absorb electricity and stop thinking.

STAR topology

All cables come out of computers in a central location, where they are all connected by a device it’s called a; hub’. Each computer in a star network communicates with a central axis that forwards the message either to all computers or only target computers. Hub can be active or passive star network in the active hub regenerates the electrical signal and sends it to all computers connected to it. Passive hub does not amplify or regenerate the signal and does not require electricity to operate. We can expand a star network by placing another hub Stars.

RING topology

Each computer is connected to another computer, the last one connected to the first. Each computer is connected to another computer on the ring, and each retransmits what it receives from the previous team. The message is flow around the ring in one direction of the network. Some networks do ring token passing. It passes through the ring to a computer wants to send information to another computer. The computer adds a mail address data and sends it around the ring. Each computer receives the signal sequence and the information and passes it to the next until the e-mail address matches the address of the computer or the token back to the origin. The reception team returns a message to the sender indicating that the message has been received.

VPN Architecture

A virtual private network (VPN) is a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual users with secure access to their organization’s network access. A virtual private network can be contrasted with an expensive system of owned or leased lines that can only be used by one organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide the organization with the same capabilities, but at a much lower cost.A VPN works by using the shared public infrastructure while maintaining privacy through security procedures and tunneling protocols such as Layer Tunneling Protocol. In effect, the protocols, by encrypting data at the sending end and decrypt it at the receiving end, send the data through a “tunnel" that cannot be “entered “by data that is not encrypted correctly. An additional level of security involves encrypting not only the data but also the originating and receiving network addresses.

Why I recommend STAR topology for this case?

According to this scenario we need to create kind of a large network. They say they have nine branches in inland wide. Then it’s mean we need to use VPN to this school. Using VPN we can connect branches to head office. Physical structure of the star topology resembles so the suite for this network structure of the organization, finally realized and topology is selected for the star network design.

Bus topology is basically based on a different method such as transmission through the backbone, for the purpose of this network is really no need at all backbone Ring topology is not centralized network, so many disadvantages.

When we use STAR TOPOLOGY it has Good performance. When we want to modify or do some repairs we can do those things easily. If one connection fails, it doesn't affect others. That advantage is very helpful when we creating network. And this topology is very popular on the world.

TASK 02

Ethernet standards

Ethernet cables are standard cables commonly used to connect a modem to a router, and also to connect a router to the network interface card in a PC. These, thick flexible cables are virtually indistinguishable to the untrained eye, but not all Ethernet cables are the same. Many different classes of Ethernet cable have been developed, and each category has different specifications for EMI protection, the data transmission speed, and the possible range of frequency bandwidth required to reach that speed. It is understandable that some confusion may arise when looking at all the options available for Ethernet cabling. Luckily category usually clearly printed wire in the cable sheath, so that there can be no doubt about the type of cable used. Also known as Cat 3 or cable station is one of the oldest forms of Ethernet cable still in use today. It is a cable unshielded twisted pair (UTP) which is capable of carrying 10 megabits per second (Mbps) data or voice transmissions.

Coaxial Cables

"Coax" was best known as the kind of cord that connected television sets to home antennas. Also a coaxial cable is standard for 10 Mbps Ethernet cables. When 10 Mbps Ethernet Most popular was, During the 1980s and early 1990s, networks Utilized Typically one of two kinds of coax cable - thinnet (10BASE2 standard) or Thicket (10BASE5). These wires consist of an inner copper wire of varying thickness surrounded by insulation and other shielding. Their stiffness caused the difficulty in installing the administrators and network Maintaining thinnet and Thicknet.

USB Cables

Most cable Universal Serial Bus (USB) to connect a computer to a peripheral device (keyboard or mouse) rather than other networking equipment. However, special adapters (sometimes called dongles) also allow the connection of an Ethernet cable to a USB port indirectly. USB cables feature twisted pair wiring.

Twisted Pair Cables

The primary standard Ethernet cabling, starting at 10 Mbps. later followed by improved versions for 100 mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5 and Cat5e) and increasingly higher speeds up to 10 Gbps. Ethernet twisted pair cables containing up to 8 threads twisted pairs to minimize electromagnetic interference.

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP) - There are two main types of industry standard twisted pair cable defined. Modern Ethernet cables use UTP wiring due to its lower cost, while STP cabling can be found in some other types of networks.

DOWNLOAD ORIGINAL DOCUMENT FOR MORE....

TASK 03

Hardware for the head office

This is the most important for the NEXT school network. This is the head office hardware specification. There are 7 servers have in the server room. This is the hardware specification for the head office.

Location	Item	Specification	Number of items	Prices
Head office	Student PCs	Core i3 processors 4GB ram 2GB VGA card 320 HDD NIC UPS Monitor	175 175 175 175 175 175 1*75	Rs 17000.0075 Rs 6000.0075 Rs 8500.0075 Rs 4500.0075 Rs 2000.0075 Rs 4000.0075 Rs 9000.00*75
	Lecture PC	Core i3 processors 4GB ram 2GB VGA card 320 HDD NIC UPS Monitor	18 18 18 18 18 18 1*8	Rs 17000.008 Rs 6000.008 Rs 8500.008 Rs 4500.008 Rs 2000.008 Rs 4000.008 Rs 9000.00*8
	Projector	1920 x 1200 (WUXGA) - Full wide screen	1*8	Rs 23000.00*8
	Multi-function machine	Fax / copier / printer / scanner	1*4	Rs 41000.00*4
	Switch	5 ports 8 ports 32 ports	2 2 3	Rs 1300.002 Rs 2000.002 Rs 9500.00*3
	Router	4 ports	3	Rs 6000.00*3
	Server	DHCP server PROXY server DATABASE server WEB server MAIL server FILE server DNS server	11 11 11 11 11 11 1*1	Rs 1500000.00
	Server room PC	Core i5 processors 6GB ram 2GB VGA card 750 HDD NIC UPS Monitor	11 11 11 11 11 11 1*1	Rs 25000.001 Rs85000.001 Rs 9500.001 Rs 7100.001 Rs 2000.001 Rs 4000.001 Rs 9000.00*1

Hardware for the branch

This is the hardware specification for the only one branch. There are 25 computers having in a one lab, and one lecture PC and projector link to the lecture PC. Hardware is most important to any of work. In this case I include details for the only one branch. I imaging all the branches have same specification.

Labs

Location	Item	Specification	Number of items	Prices
For the Labs	Student PCs	Core i3 processors 4GB ram 2GB VGA card 320 HDD NIC UPS Monitor	175 175 175 175 175 175 1*75	Rs 17000.0075 Rs 6000.0075 Rs 8500.0075 Rs 4500.0075 Rs 2000.0075 Rs 4000.0075 Rs 9000.00*75
	Lecture PC	Core i3 processors 4GB ram 2GB VGA card 320 HDD NIC UPS Monitor	13 13 13 13 13 13 1*3	Rs 17000.003 Rs 6000.003 Rs 8500.003 Rs 4500.003 Rs 2000.003 Rs 4000.003 Rs 9000.00*3
	Projector	1920 x 1200 (WUXGA) - Full wide screen	1*3	Rs 43000.00*3
	Multi-function machine	Fax / copier / printer / scanner	1*3	Rs 41000.00*3
	Switch	32 ports	3	Rs 9500.00*3
	Router	4 ports	3	Rs 6000.00*3

Lecture rooms in Branches

Location	Item	Specification	Number of items	Prices
For the lecture rooms	Lecture PCs	Core i3 processors 4GB ram 2GB VGA card 320 HDD NIC UPS Monitor	15 15 15 15 15 15 1*5	Rs 17000.005 Rs 6000.005 Rs 8500.005 Rs 4500.005 Rs 2000.005 Rs 4000.005 Rs 9000.00*5
	Projector	1920 x 1200 (WUXGA) - Full wide screen	1*5	Rs 43000.00*5
	Multi-function machine	Fax / copier / printer / scanner	1*1	Rs 41000.00*1
	Switch	8 ports	1*1	Rs 2000.00*1
	Router	4 ports	1*1	Rs 6000.00*1

Branches Server room

Location	Item	Specification	Number of items	Prices
For the lecture rooms	Server room PC	Core i5 processors 6GB ram 2GB VGA card 750 HDD NIC UPS Monitor	11 11 11 11 11 11 1*1	Rs 25000.001 Rs85000.001 Rs 9500.001 Rs 7100.001 Rs 2000.001 Rs 4000.001 Rs 9000.00*1
	Server	DHCP server PROXY server DATABASE server	11 11 1*1	Rs 500000.00
	Switch	8 ports	1*2	Rs 2000.00*2
	Router	4 ports	1*2	Rs 6000.00*2

Software specification for the head office and branches

· 4.4.1 Server operating systems

A server operating system is an operating system specifically designed to run on servers, which are specialized computers that operate within a client / server architecture to handle requests from client computers on the network. Here we used Windows server 2008 for this organization.

· Client operating system

COS Allow different Hardware and Software to communicate. Client can use this system. Here we used Windows 7. Win7 is the most suitable for this organization. This is very big network. And win7 is easy to operate.

· Anti-virus guard

Antivirus software is a type of program that will prevent, detect and remediate malware infections in individual computing devices and systems. I recommend for this network, use Avast premium Anti-virus guard.

Head office specification

This next school main office located in Colombo and this is the hardware specification for it. This specification is valid to the whole head office.(3 labs,5 lecture rooms and one server room)

Position	Items	Amount
Head office	Computers	Amount – 81 (labs – 25*3) (Lecture rooms - 5) (Server room - 1)
	Printers and photocopy machine	Amount- 4 (For Lab - 3) (For five lecture rooms - 1)
	Switch	Amount- 7 (5 ports – 2) (8 ports – 2) (32 ports -3)
	Router	Type -4(Port) Amount-3
	cables	Twisted pair Cat 5 cables
	Server	DHCP server PROXY server DATABASE server WEB server MAIL server FILE server DNS server

For the next school head office I used 25 computers for the each lab. And there are seven servers available under the head office. Those things linked together. There are 3 printers having to for 3 labs and separate one printer shared that five lecture rooms. And there are few routers I used for this head office. Then it can connect to the VPN thru the router.

Branches IT lab’s specification

Under this scenario I use same items has to every branches. These specifications are valid for a one lab. Each branch has 3 labs.

Position	Items	Amount
IT lab (for one lab)	Computers	Amount - 25
	Lecture PCs	Amount – 1
	Printers and photocopy machine	Amount – 1
	Projector	Amount – 1
	cables	Twisted pair Cat 5 cables
	Switch	Amount- 1 Type -32(Port)

Under this scenario they had nine branches inland wide. But I imaging all the branches have same features. They have 25 student computers for a one lab. And also lecture PC and those are all connected to the switch. There is one projector and one printer available under this case.

Lecture room specification

This is for the one lecture room. I imaging all the lecture room have same specification with same performances

Position	Items	Amount
Lecture rooms	Lecture PCs	Amounts - 1
	Printers and photocopy machine	For all lecture rooms has only one printer.
	Router	All labs are connect to the one router
	Cables	Twisted pair
	Switch	Amount-1 Type -8(Port)
	Projector	Amount-1

For the lecture rooms I used one lecture PC and one projector. Those things connect to the switch and those switches connect to the router. And also that printer is sharing that five lecture rooms. That printer connects to the switch and those five lecture rooms connect thru the switch and router.

Server room specification (branch)

Position	Items	Amount
Server room	PC computer	Amounts - 1
	Router	Amount-1 Type -4(Port)
	Cables	Twisted pair Cat 5 cables
	Switch	Amount-1 Type -8(Port)
	Servers	DHCP server PROXY server DATABASE server FILE server

Network schematic for main network

Network schematic for the head office

Network schematic for the branches

Calculation for the network

First we want to select which class can use for this network

2ⁿ = here we want to add the number of networks

2ⁿ = 8

N=3

IP addresses of Head office & other branches

Test cases planning

Future Recommendations

IT and business can be several modifications networking. In this field, this is very suitable for what customers are waiting. This world has many modern technologies will be more powerful technologies, new functions and effective PC connections.

Network design strategies and architectural effort recommendation network architecture, security model, and infrastructure design of LAN, WAN and voice infrastructure and corporate data centers is described. It addresses the key business objectives, requirements and problems are solved in the future design process. The general objectives of scope, approach and design for the creation of the new underlying architecture will also be developed. The redesign recommendation includes technical guidance on how the different components ranging from network devices to application servers to storage devices must be networked through the defined security zones.

Conclusion and recommendation

Humans interact with other humans in patterned ways. Network affiliations may be loose or strong, generalized or concentrated, bound by conventional social structures or voluntarily formed. One of the ways such interaction patterns have been studied is through the metaphor of networks.

Networks in general have been described in terms of certain characteristics of individuals or groups, such as kinship, status, political affiliation, employment, etc. Recently, however, the process by which such networks are increasingly focusing on. Those who wish to create positive change, both personal and social levels, have acquired skills in networking.

One way of networks is provided in these days is via computer communications. In the last fifteen years , the global network of connected computers have emerged, bringing into play a powerful medium for social discourse and the diffusion of innovations . Many social change activists are beginning to make use of computer networks to assist in the empowerment of popular social movements, the environment which have significantly reduced the necessary network resources effectively a large number of people across large distances.

Finally I recommend for this NEXT school

· Open new branches

· Create new branches

· Create one system software for hole institute,

· Design new web site

· Add more features for the Labs

Download full Document here >>>

Network Design for Institute (Assignment Samples)